Week+26+Marck+2-6,+2015



Monday 3/2/15





=Tuesday 3/3/15 =

=** Vocabulary **= **Semiconservative Replication:** The process in which the DNA molecule uncoils and separates into two strands. Each original strand becomes a template on which a new strand is constructed, resulting in two DNA molecules identical to the original DNA molecule.

**Protein Synthesis:**The process in which amino acids are arranged in a linear sequence through the processes of transcription of DNA and to RNA and the translation of RNA to a polypeptide chain. Gene A sequence of nucleotides composing a segment of DNA that provides a blueprint for a specific hereditary trait. Gene Expression The process in which a nucleotide sequence of a gene is used to make a functional product such as protein or RNA.

**Chromosomal Mutation:** A change in the structure of a chromosome (e.g., deletion, the loss of a segment of a chromosome and thus the loss of segment containing genes; duplication, when a segment of a chromosome is duplicated and thus displayed more than once on the chromosome; inversion, when a segment of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches in reverse order; and translocation, when a segment of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome).

**Point Mutation:** A single‐base substitution causing the replacement of a single‐base nucleotide with another nucleotide (e.g., silent mutation, in which there is no change in an amino acid; missense mutation, in which there is a different amino acid; and nonsense mutation, in which there is an insertion of a stop codon in the amino acid which stops protein synthesis).

**Frame-shift Mutation:** The addition (insertion mutation) or removal (deletion mutation) of one or more nucleotides that is not indivisible by three, therefore resulting in a completely different amino acid sequence than would be normal. The earlier in the sequence nucleotides are added or removed, the more altered the protein will be.

Vocabulary from previous classes.

**Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA):** A biological macromolecule that encodes the genetic information for living organisms and is capable of self-replication and the synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA). **Chromosome:** A single piece of coiled DNA and associated proteins found in linear forms in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and circular forms in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells; contains genes that encode traits. Each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes. **DNA Replication:** The process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself. **Trait:**A characteristic that is inherited. **Gene:** A sequence of nucleotides composing a segment of DNA that provides a blueprint for a specific hereditary trait. **Enzyme:** A protein that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed by the reaction; an organic catalyst. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">**Nucleic Acid:** A biological macromolecule (DNA or RNA) composed of the elements C, H, N, O, and P that carries genetic information. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">**Nucleotide:** The fundamental unit of DNA, consisting of three molecules: a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group and one of 4 nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine or guanine).

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<span style="background-color: #152989; color: #eae367; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 250%;">Wednesday 3/4/15



<span style="background-color: #152989; color: #eae367; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 250%;">Thursday 3/5/15 = ? =

<span style="background-color: #152989; color: #eae367; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 250%;">Friday 3/6/15