Cell+Life+Cycle+and+Reproduction+(Mitosis)

Standard: **3.1.10.A4:** Describe the **cell cycle** and the process and significance of **mitosis.**

Learning Objective: In this lesson, students will be introduced to the cycles of a cell. Students will:
 * identify and describe the main stages in the cell cycle.

=9.1 The Cell Cycle= Why do Cells Divide?
 * Orderly set of steps between eukaryotic cell divisions
 * Growth
 * Reproduction (in single celled organisms)
 * Repair

Control of the Cell Cycle
> G1 Checkpoint - Check to see if DNA is damaged

> G2 Checkpoint - Check to see if DNA is replicated properly

> M Checkpoint - spindle assembly checkpoint, check for alignment of chromosomes
 * Apoptosis** - programmed cell death, if any of the checks fail

Structure of a Chromosome
>

9.2 Mitosis & Cytokinesis
Interphase - cell growth, preparation for division, DNA synthesis. Cells spend most of their lives in interphase, it is the longest part of the cell cycle. (Some cells never leave interphase) Mitosis - The division of the nucleus that results in identical complete copies of chromosmes packaged into two new nuclei. > Occurs in 4 phases: **Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase** Cytokinesis - The division of the cytoplasm that results in two daughter cells, occurs at the end of telophase. > **In plant cells, cytokinesis begins when a new cell wall forms between the two new cells.

> **In animal cells, the two new cells pinch and pull apart || Mitosis produces **2 daughter cells** that contain the exact same number of chromosomes as the original parent cell
 * Prophase || Metaphase || Anaphase || Telophase ||
 * [[image:http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/prophase-md.png width="210" height="220" caption="prophase"]] || [[image:http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/metaphase-md.png width="210" height="182" caption="metaphase"]] || [[image:http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/anaphase-md.png width="264" height="173" caption="anaphase"]] || [[image:http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/telophase-md.png width="215" height="146" caption="telophase"]]

Daughter cells are **DIPLOID**

9.3 The Cell Cycle and Cancer
neoplasm: abnormal growth of cells | benign: non-cancerous | malignant: cancerous Cancer: cellular growth disorder that results from the mutation of genes that regulate the cell cycle, cells are abnormal and do not perform their intended function Oncology - the study of cancer See Article- [|Cancer: Out of Control Cells]

__14. Which phase of the cell cycle is the longest?__ _____

__20. What is the overall purpose of mitosis?__ ___